Graphite-coated magnetic nanoparticles as multimodal imaging probes and cooperative therapeutic agents for tumor cells.

An effective therapeutic approach against cancer typically requires the combination of several modalities, such as chemotherapy, radiation, and hyperthermia. In this regard, the development of multifunctional nanomaterial-based systems with combined therapeutic and molecular imaging capabilities has shown great potential but has not been fully explored. In particular, magnetic nanomaterials have been at the fore-front of cancer research as noninvasive imaging probes as well as multifunctional therapeutics. [1] For example, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with appropriate surface modifications have been